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Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Currently, the most important health concern globally is the pandemic caused by the 2019-nCoV Coronavirus.
Coronaviridae viruses have 26-36 kbp long single-stranded RNA with positive ssRNA polarity (+). They are developed, enveloped viruses. The 2019-nCoV virus is the seventh known human disease-causing species in this family of viruses. The 2019-nCoV virus is spherical in shape, 60–140 nm in diameter. It is surrounded by 9-12 nm long spikes that give it a similar appearance to a solar corona. The 2019-nCoV virus is closely related (with 88% identity) to the two bat-derived viruses associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) -like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21, collected in 2018 in Zhoushan , in eastern China, but is more genetically distant from SARS-CoV (about 79%) and MERS-CoV (about 50%).
The enormous epidemic threat posed by the virus makes it necessary for us to find simple, easily-applicable and relatively cheap methods of combating the virus, especially in the air, which is the main route of viral transmission. However, conducting research on such a dangerous viral species is quite risky. Therefore, it seems a good idea to find a surrogate that would be safe for humans and at the same time would have a higher antimicrobial resistance than 2019-nCoV. An ideal solution seems to be the use of MS2 bacteriophage. It is a virus commonly recommended for assessing the effectiveness of chemical and physical methods for treating wastewater, water, waste organic matter and air. In related literature, it is being recommended as a surrogate for RNA-viruses infectious to humans. The MS2 bacteriophage is an icosahedral virus. As in the case of 2019-nCoV, its genetic material is positive polarity single-stranded RNA. In contrast to 2019-nCoV, it is an undeveloped virus, it lacks an envelope and has a smaller genome (the MS2 genome is one of the smallest known so far, it contains 3569 nucleotides and can encode 4 proteins: maturation protein, lysis protein, coat protein and replicase protein). These features indicate that it should be more resistant to antimicrobial effects than 2019-nCoV.
The safety of MS2 bacteriophage is evidenced by the fact that it is used to infect E. coli and other Enterobacterales. MS2 shows a high degree of homology with f2, Qβ, R17 and GA bacteriophages. Its properties are especially useful in drug delivery research and imaging cancer cells.
ActivTek has the results of tests conducted in a laboratory accredited by the FDA (American Food and Drug Administration), which showed that the use of just between a dozen and 30 minutes of radial catalytic ionization (RCI ActivePure) technology reduces the number of infectious particles of the MS2 bacteriophage in the air by over 99,9%.
Considering the epidemiological security of the Poles, it is justified for us to implement innovative technologies in order to prevent the potential spread of the 2019-nCoV Coronavirus.
Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Currently, the most important health concern globally is the pandemic caused by the 2019-nCoV Coronavirus.
Coronaviridae viruses have 26-36 kbp long single-stranded RNA with positive ssRNA polarity (+). They are developed, enveloped viruses. The 2019-nCoV virus is the seventh known human disease-causing species in this family of viruses. The 2019-nCoV virus is spherical in shape, 60–140 nm in diameter. It is surrounded by 9-12 nm long spikes that give it a similar appearance to a solar corona. The 2019-nCoV virus is closely related (with 88% identity) to the two bat-derived viruses associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) -like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21, collected in 2018 in Zhoushan , in eastern China, but is more genetically distant from SARS-CoV (about 79%) and MERS-CoV (about 50%).
The enormous epidemic threat posed by the virus makes it necessary for us to find simple, easily-applicable and relatively cheap methods of combating the virus, especially in the air, which is the main route of viral transmission. However, conducting research on such a dangerous viral species is quite risky. Therefore, it seems a good idea to find a surrogate that would be safe for humans and at the same time would have a higher antimicrobial resistance than 2019-nCoV. An ideal solution seems to be the use of MS2 bacteriophage. It is a virus commonly recommended for assessing the effectiveness of chemical and physical methods for treating wastewater, water, waste organic matter and air. In related literature, it is being recommended as a surrogate for RNA-viruses infectious to humans. The MS2 bacteriophage is an icosahedral virus. As in the case of 2019-nCoV, its genetic material is positive polarity single-stranded RNA. In contrast to 2019-nCoV, it is an undeveloped virus, it lacks an envelope and has a smaller genome (the MS2 genome is one of the smallest known so far, it contains 3569 nucleotides and can encode 4 proteins: maturation protein, lysis protein, coat protein and replicase protein). These features indicate that it should be more resistant to antimicrobial effects than 2019-nCoV.
The safety of MS2 bacteriophage is evidenced by the fact that it is used to infect E. coli and other Enterobacterales. MS2 shows a high degree of homology with f2, Qβ, R17 and GA bacteriophages. Its properties are especially useful in drug delivery research and imaging cancer cells.
ActivTek has the results of tests conducted in a laboratory accredited by the FDA (American Food and Drug Administration), which showed that the use of just between a dozen and 30 minutes of radial catalytic ionization (RCI ActivePure) technology reduces the number of infectious particles of the MS2 bacteriophage in the air by over 99,9%.
Considering the epidemiological security of the Poles, it is justified for us to implement innovative technologies in order to prevent the potential spread of the 2019-nCoV Coronavirus.
